Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev was a Russian and Soviet psychiatrist, neurologist, physiologist, psychologist, and the founder of reflexology and the pathopsychological direction in Russia. Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev was born on 20 January (1 February) 1857 in the village of Sarali in the Vyatka Governorate. After successfully graduating from the Vyatka Gymnasium, he entered the Saint Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy and graduated from it in 1878.
After graduating from the academy he worked in the clinic of Professor I.P. Merzheevsky, where he studied nervous and mental illnesses. From 1879 he was a member of the St. Petersburg Society of Psychiatrists. In 1881 Bekhterev defended his doctoral dissertation and became a privat-docent at the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy. In 1885 Bekhterev took the position of professor at Kazan University and headed the psychiatric clinic. At that time he also founded a psychophysiological laboratory and the Kazan Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists.
In 1893 Bekhterev headed the Department of Nervous and Mental Diseases at the Medical-Surgical Academy and founded the journal «Neurological Bulletin». In 1907, at Bekhterev's initiative, the first psycho-neurological institute in the world, dedicated to the comprehensive study of humans, was established in Saint Petersburg. After the October Revolution he founded the Institute for the Study of the Brain and Mental Activity (later the State Reflexological Institute named after V.M. Bekhterev), which he directed until his death. Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev died on 24 December 1927 and was buried at the Volkovo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg.
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