Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov — a Russian philosopher, theorist and follower of Marxism, a prominent figure in the Russian and international socialist movement. Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov was born into a noble family in the village of Gudalovka. After graduating from the Voronezh Military Gymnasium he studied at military schools and at the Mining Institute in Saint Petersburg.
In the mid-1870s Plekhanov took part in the student revolutionary movement and carried out propaganda among workers. In March 1876 he was arrested but released for lack of evidence. In December 1876, at the Kazan demonstration in Petersburg, he delivered a revolutionary speech and, fearing arrest, went underground and was expelled from the institute. He became one of the leaders of the populist organization "Zemlya i Volya" (Land and Liberty), and after its split — an organizer and leader of the "Black Repartition" (Chorny Peredel).
In 1880 Plekhanov emigrated to Switzerland, where he founded the first Russian Marxist organization, "Emancipation of Labour". Later Plekhanov participated in the creation of the newspaper "Iskra", the establishment of the Foreign League of Russian Social Democracy and in the preparations for the Second Congress of the RSDLP. After the February Revolution he returned to Russia. In 1917 Plekhanov supported the Provisional Government, opposing the Bolsheviks. Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov died in 1918 in Terijoki (Finland) of tuberculosis and was buried in the Literatorskie Mostki section of the Volkovo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg.
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